Ngomhla we-15 ka-Okthobha, i-Cochrane Collaboration (i-Cochrane Collaboration, emva koko ebizwa ngokuba yi-Cochrane), umbutho wezemfundo ogunyazisiweyo wamazwe ngamazwe amayeza asekelwe kubungqina, yabonisa kumbono wayo wamva nje wophando ukuba ii-majors ze-50 zenziwa ngaphezu kwe-10,000 yabantu abadala abatshayayo kwihlabathi jikelele. yangqina ukuba i-e-cigarettes inefuthe lokuyeka ukutshaya, kunye nesiphumo sonyango oluqhubekayo lwe-nicotine kunye nezinye iindlela.
I-Cochrane ichaza ukuba umphumo wokusebenzisa i-nicotine e-cigarettes ukuyeka ukutshaya kungcono kunokusebenzisa unyango lwe-nicotine replacement kunye ne-e-cigarettes engabandakanyi inikotine.
Unjingalwazi uPeter Hajek, umbhali-mbhali wophononongo lwe-Cochrane kunye nomlawuli weQela loPhando lokuXhomekeka kweToba kwi-Queen Mary University yaseLondon, wathi: "Olu gqabantshintshi olutsha lwe-e-cigarettes lubonisa ukuba kubantu abaninzi abatshayayo, i-e-cigarettes sisixhobo esisebenzayo ukuyeka ukutshaya.Kukwabalulekile ukuqaphela ukuba, ukuya kuthi ga kwiminyaka emibini, akukho nalunye kwezi zifundo lufumene nabuphi na ubungqina bokuba ukusetyenziswa kwemidiza ye-elektroniki kubangele ingozi ebantwini.
Xa kuthelekiswa nolunye unyango, i-nicotine e-cigarettes inezinga eliphezulu lokuyeka ukutshaya.
Yasekwa kwi-1993, i-Cochrane yintlangano engenzi nzuzo ebizwa ngokuba yinkumbulo ka-Archiebald L. Cochrane, umseki weyeza elisekelwe kubungqina.Ikwalelona qumrhu linegunya elizimeleyo lemfundo yezonyango esekwe kubungqina kwihlabathi.Ukuza kuthi ga ngoku, inabasebenzi bokuzithandela abangaphezu kwama-37,000 kumazwe angaphezu kwe-170.Nye.
Into ebizwa ngokuba yiyeza elisekelwe kubungqina, oko kukuthi, iyeza elisekelwe kubungqina obungaguqukiyo, lahlukile kumayeza esintu asekelwe kumayeza asebenzayo.Izigqibo eziphambili zonyango kufuneka zisekelwe kubungqina bophando lwezenzululwazi.Ke ngoko, uphando lwezamayeza olusekwe kubungqina luya kuphinda luqhube iisampulu ezinkulu zolingo lwezonyango olungenamkhethe, uphononongo olucwangcisiweyo, uhlalutyo lwemeta, kwaye emva koko lwahlule inqanaba lobungqina obufunyenwe ngokwemigangatho, engqongqo kakhulu.
Kolu phononongo, uCochrane ufumene izifundo ezingama-50 ezivela kumazwe ali-13 kuquka iUnited States neUnited Kingdom, ezibandakanya abantu abadala abayi-12,430 abatshayayo.Kuye kwaboniswa ukuba ngokusetyenziswa kwe-nicotine yonyango yokutshintshwa (njengama-nicotine patches, i-nicotine gum) okanye amabakala e-cigarette angabandakanyi i-nicotine, abantu abaninzi basebenzisa i-nicotine e-cigarettes ukuyeka ukutshaya ubuncinane iinyanga ezintandathu.
IReuters yanikela ingxelo ngeziphumo zophando olubanzi lukaCochrane: “Uphononongo lufunyenwe: oludweliswe kwiitshungama okanye kwisiqwenga, i-e-cigarette isebenza ngakumbi ekuyekeni ukutshaya.”
Ngokucacileyo kwidatha, ebalwa ngokwemigaqo epheleleyo, i-10 kubantu bonke abayi-100 abayeka ukutshaya usebenzisa i-nicotine e-cigarettes banokuyeka ukutshaya ngempumelelo;kubo bonke abantu be-100 abayeka ukusebenzisa unyango lokutshintshwa kwe-nicotine okanye i-e-cigarettes engabandakanyi i-nicotine, abantu be-6 kuphela banokuyeka ngempumelelo Ukuyeka ukutshaya, xa kuthelekiswa nolunye unyango, i-nicotine e-cigarettes inezinga eliphezulu lokuyeka.
Eli nqaku, omnye wababhali bamagqabantshintshi, uNjingalwazi uCaitlin Notley weUniversity of East Anglia’s Norwich School of Medicine eUnited Kingdom, wathi: “Enye yezona ndlela zisebenzayo nezisetyenziswa ngokubanzi zokunceda abantu bayeke ukutshaya kukuphelisa ukutshaya— iinkanuko ezinxulumene.I-e-cigarettes kunye neentsini zenikotini kunye nezincamathelisi I-arhente yahlukile.Ilinganisa amava okutshaya kwaye inokubonelela abatshayayo nge-nicotine, kodwa ayivezi abasebenzisi kunye nabanye kumsi wecuba lesintu.
Imvumelwano yesayensi kwi-e-cigarettes kukuba nangona i-e-cigarettes ayinabungozi ngokupheleleyo, ayinabungozi kakhulu kunecuba."Iqela leCochrane Tobacco Addiction" lathi "ubungqina obukhoyo bubonisa ukuba i-e-cigarettes kunye nezinye izinto ezithatha indawo ye-nicotine zandisa amathuba okuyeka ukutshaya ngempumelelo."UJamie Hartmann-Boyce uthe.Ukwangomnye wababhali abaphambili bophando lwamva nje.
Izifundo ezininzi ziqinisekisa: I-1.3 yezigidi zabantu e-UK baye bayeka ngempumelelo ukutshaya nge-e-cigarettes
Enyanisweni, ukongeza kwi-Cochrane, imibutho emininzi yemfundo yezonyango enegunya emhlabeni iguqulelwe kwisihloko esifanelekileyo "sokuyeka ukutshaya i-e-cigarette ngcono" kumanqanaba ahlukeneyo.
Abaphandi abavela kwiYunivesithi yaseNew York eUnited States baye bafumanisa ukuba xa kuthelekiswa nabasebenzisi abangazange basebenzise i-e-cigarettes, ukusetyenziswa kwansuku zonke kwe-e-cigarettes kunokunceda abantu abatshayayo kwixesha elifutshane (
Ekuqaleni konyaka odlulileyo, uphando oluzimeleyo lweYunivesithi yaseLondon (iYunivesithi yaseLondon) yabonisa ukuba i-e-cigarettes inceda i-50,000 kubasebenzisi be-cigarette be-70,000 e-UK ukuba bayeke ukutshaya minyaka yonke.Ingxelo yakutshanje evela kwiSebe lezeMpilo yoLuntu lase-United Kingdom ibonisa ukuba ubuncinane abantu abayi-1.3 yezigidi baye bayeka ugwayi ngokupheleleyo ngenxa ye-e-cigarettes.
Iziphumo zophando ezipapashwe yiYunivesithi yaseLondon kwiphephancwadi yezemfundo eyaziwayo ngamazwe ngamazwe i-Addiction ibonise ukuba i-e-cigarettes incede ubuncinane i-50,000 yaseBrithani ukuba bayeke ukutshaya ngempumelelo ngonyaka.
Ngokuphathelele inkxalabo yoluntu malunga neengozi ze-e-cigarettes, uJohn Britton, uProfesa Emeritus we-Respiratory Medicine kwiYunivesithi yaseNottingham, e-UK, wathi: "Impembelelo yexesha elide ekukhuseleni i-e-cigarettes idinga ukuqinisekiswa kwexesha elide, kodwa bonke ubungqina ngoku bubonisa ukuba nayiphi na imiphumo emibi yexesha elide ye-e-cigarettes iNcinci kakhulu kunecuba.
Ngaphambi nangemva kweminyaka emibini yokulandela umkhondo, akukho bungqina bufunyenweyo bokuba icuba ze-elektroniki zenza umonakalo kumzimba womntu.
Ixesha lokuposa: Jan-14-2021